0000006688 00000 n The concentrated form of caramel is typically listed as caramel color and has been linked to cancer in laboratory animals. 0000001231 00000 n It also happens to be one of the most controversial ingredients in pet food. If you require a grain-free diet, Purina ONE is the only contestant in this debate. Bundle: Purina ONE Healthy Kitten Formula Dry Food + Chicken & Salmon Recipe Pate Wet Cat Food. Issues, for example, peeing outside of the litter box, pain and stressing during pee, blood in the pee, and frequent urge to pee are all signs of urinary tract disease. Corn germ meal is a high protein by-product of the oil extraction process from corn (maize). Since Purina has a staggering selection of cat and dog food formulations ranging from budget options to premium choices, I will compare IAMS to the Purina ONE product line to ensure they fall under the same price points. Their own quality assurance checks found that they did not contain the recommended level of vitamins and minerals. Iams has changed hands many times during its lifetime but is currently owned by Mars, Inc. Eleven of these amino acids are synthesized naturally, the remaining eleven are consumed. Brewer's rice is the small fragments of rice kernel that are separated from the larger kernels of milled rice. The recipe capitalizes on protein-rich chicken, which also provides glucosamine for cartilage health. Each ingredient that follows after chicken is chosen meticulously for a purpose. The average cost-per-lb is heavily influenced by the varying amounts of moisture present in each brand's food products (wet vs. dry food, dry vs. freeze-dried food, etc). It's considered controversial because plant based protein does not contain all of the necessary amino acids required by pets to sustain life. Free shipping for many products! Purina ONE Urinary Tract Health Beef & Liver Pate Premium Wet Cat Food - 3oz . If your dog has a sensitive stomach, you can also choose grain-free or limited ingredient recipes from this line. Purina Pro Plan Focus Urinary Tract Health Adult Wet and Dry Food PROS: CONS: 2. Urinary Care . Additionally, it contains chicken by-product meal as the 5th ingredient to increase the protein content of the food. New Kitten Checklist: What Does a Kitten Need? Iams lists a mixture of healthy omega-six fatty acids. Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid, to nourish skin and coat. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage.". In addition, Purina One wet dog foods also provide more fat than Hill's Science Diet wet foods. These parts include the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, stomach, blood, intestine, bone, etc. Iams offers a total of three puppy recipes, each designed for a different-sized canine. Additionally, they use real meat as the first ingredient in all of their recipes, which is an improvement on Iams's efforts. Nutrients. Purina is currently the largest pet care company in the world next to Pedigree, which owns IAMS. As you can see, Purina One and Iams guarantee a similar amount of crude fiber. L-Carnitine is likewise included in the mix to improve weight loss and support the conversion of food into metabolic energy. 0000002242 00000 n The source animal is not specific and therefore we cannot be certain that the source does not include diseased animals or even euthanized dogs and cats. Tender meat morsels! However, both Iams and Purina kitten foods are complete and balanced, and either one would be a good choice for your kitten. It is typically used as flavoring to improve taste. It's considered a controversial ingredient because many people believe it is an inexpensive low quality filler. But initially it was the brainchild of William H. Danforth in 1894. Free shipping for many products! 0000003145 00000 n 2023 Cover Story Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The food constitutes six fatty acids and omega-three, which are essential to the skin and coat of your pet. There are a few key differences between Iams and Purina kitten food. You can purchase Iams pet foods from the following stores: You can purchase Purina One pet food products from these retailers: Animal Fat (Preserved With Mixed Tocopherols), Poultry Fat (Preserved With Mixed Tocopherols). . Vitamin E Supplement No matter how far science advances us, we always look to nature to inspire us. y_2022, m_1, d_3, h_19; loc_en_CA, sid_019014802200, prod, sort_ clientName_iams-ca; CLOUD, getAggregateRating, 144ms; 0000006423 00000 n It contains "broken oat groats, oat groat chips, and floury portions of the oat groats." There are reports that its belongings can give help to felines enduring with urinary precious stones inside an hour from consumption. Some IAMS formulas are also available in duck, lamb, and venison. Although corn does provide many vitamins and minerals, it not necessarily an exceptional ingredient in this regards. Anonymous ingredients such as poultry by-product meal are typically low-quality ingredients in comparison to named protein by-product meals (e.g. Since meat meals are void of moisture, they supply twice more protein than regular meat compared in equal quantities. Ferrous Sulfate By one year old, dogs have completed most of their growth. The company traced its roots back to 1894 when William Danforth, George Robinson, and William Andrews entered the business of feeding livestock. If you'd like to calculate the average cost-per-day or cost-pet-year of feeding Iams or Purina One, input your pet's weight into our cost analyzer widget. All of their recipes list added vitamin and mineral supplements that help support your pups immunity, which means the power to fight illness and disease. However, this particular ingredient is considered an anonymous meat ingredient because the type of poultry is not specified. That includes a SmartBlend of high-quality ingredients including real chicken, 0% fillers and no artificial flavours or colours. This food is also fortified with calcium to increase bone density. Sugars, Vitamins, different proteins, and different supplements make this item nutritious. Salt It is made with high-quality ingredients, including real chicken, and does not contain any artificial colors or flavors. The inclusion of non-meat protein typically degrades the overall quality of protein in the recipe. What makes this food special is how it reduces the allergens your cat gives off, reducing the likelihood of allergic reactions to your cat. 0000007386 00000 n However, you wouldnt fret a little cost for the exceptional quality that you are getting. This formula is safe for cats indoors and outdoors, and it aids in the reduction of the pH of cat urine in order to maintain urinary tract health. Comparing IAMS vs. Purina in terms of variety gives the latter a landslide victory. There are many different factors to consider when choosing the best food for your cat. Litter Genie vs. Litter Genie Plus vs. Litter Genie XL, Rich in protein sourced from farm-raised chicken, plus chicken by-product meal to bulk up amino acids, Sweeps away hairballs, normalizes bowel movements, and reduces stool odors, Contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for healthier skin and shinier, softer coat, Helps inactive cats achieve a healthier weight, The top 3 to 5 ingredients are basically corn, Real meat is the #1 ingredient as per usual, Delivers complete and balanced nutrition for the average cat, The combined benefits of prebiotics and fiber ensure your cats digestive system is performing its best, Gives your cat a fuller, shinier coat while keeping skin allergies and hotspots at bay, Fights inflammation and boosts immunity against common diseases, Contains flavorful crunchy kibbles and chewy meaty bits, Rich in powerful antioxidants and omega-6 fatty acids, Can be fattening when you are free-feeding your cat(s), Contains soybean meal and soybean oil that some cats might be allergic to, High-protein content is ideal for active, outdoorsy felines, Boosted fiber content plus highly digestible ingredients, Contains higher levels of antioxidants than Tender Selects Blend, Enhances the skins protective barrier and adds volume and luster to the coat, Made with real farm-raised chicken, which is the first ingredient and main protein source, Smaller kibble size makes for easier chews, while prebiotics promote digestion, Supplies twice the amount of omega-6 fatty acids than Purina ONE SmartBlends, Well-ground grains are proven by science to be highly digestible, Fattening (always keep food portions under control), Made with real farm-raised chicken, highly digestible grains, and vegetables, Delivers tailored nutrition for large breed puppies with a taste no pup can resist, Naturally sourced fiber and added prebiotics support gut integrity, normal bowel movement, and stool quality. chicken by-product meal, turkey by-product meal, duck by-product meal). Purina ONE Urinary Care Dry Cat Food Chicken ASDA . Each recipe is a pate formula, and chicken is the preferred meat here. Purina issued a limited recall of one of its Muse cat food varieties in March 2019. Purina Beyond formulas are made for adult dogs from quality ingredients. for professional safety or care advice. As a rule, manufacturers amplify the protein content of their pet food by adding a named meat meal. When introducing IAMS cat food, gradually mix it with your cat's current food over the course of 4 days. As of the year 2020, IAMS has had a total of seven recalls: IAMS only carry one product line: Proactive Health. Try dry and wet food options from veterinarian-recommended, Animal Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Complex (Vitamin K), Fresh Water, Proper Diet & Veterinary Care, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Purina ONE +Plus Indoor Advantage Senior 7+ Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Ideal Weight Tender Salmon Recipe in Sauce Wet Cat Food, Purina ONE Ideal Weight White Meat Chicken Recipe in Sauce Wet Cat Food, Purina ONE +Plus Sensitive Skin & Stomach Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE +Plus Indoor Advantage Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Ideal Weight High Protein Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE +Plus Healthy Kitten Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE +Plus Hairball Formula Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Indoor + Hairball Ocean Whitefish & Rice Recipe Wet Cat Food, Purina ONE Urinary Tract Health Beef & Liver Recipe Wet Cat Food, Purina ONE Vibrant Maturity 7+ Chicken & Ocean Whitefish Senior Wet Cat Food Recipe, Purina ONE Indoor Advantage Senior 7+ Chicken & Ocean Fish Recipe Pat Wet Cat Food, Purina ONE +Plus Indoor Advantage Real Salmon #1 Ingredient Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Grain Free Chicken Wet Cat Food Recipe, Purina ONE Grain Free Turkey Wet Cat Food Recipe. Both wet and dry food can be found among these products. And many dogs do well on these recipes, so the lower quality ingredients arent an issue for many canines. Proponents state that by-products, such as poultry by-products, supply many important nutrients required by pets. Calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients for strong bones and healthy joints. Purina Cat Food; Additional site navigation. This happens to be one of the costliest ones on the rundown of best dry cat food for urinary health. Purina ONE +Plus Urinary Tract Health Formula combines nature and research for results you can see in your cat. Veterinarians suggest that switching to the best dry cat food for urinary health can prove to be helpful in reducing the effect of symptoms and providing great relief to your pet. This ingredient is marked controversial because the meat source is not identified. This flavorsome recipe features real chicken as the number one ingredient and main source of protein. 0000033937 00000 n That's why our range of recipes has been specifically tailored to your cat's needs and life stages. From the AAFCO calculations, the Purina ONE Urinary Tract Health Formula has 349 calories per 100g which is fewer compared to other competitive adult dry cat foods. These nutrients include long-chain fatty acids that play a crucial role in the cognitive and retinal development of puppies. Both brands offer a variety of formulas to meet the needs of different cats, and both have a reputation for being high-quality foods. This is a bonus compared to Iams because it caters to a wider set of canine needs. So, lets see how these brands compare in the final life stage. All rights reserved. IAMS vs. Purina: Similarities & Differences, IAMS vs. Purina: Face to Face Comparison, IAMS Proactive Health Indoor Weight & Hairball Care Dry Cat Food, IAMS Proactive Health Healthy Adult Original with Chicken Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Tender Selects Blend with Real Chicken Dry Cat Food, Purina ONE Purposeful Nutrition Sensitive Skin & Stomach Dry Cat Food, IAMS Proactive Health Mini Chunks Adult Dry Dog Food, IAMS Proactive Health Smart Large Breed Puppy Dry Dog Food, Purina ONE SmartBlend Chicken & Rice Adult Dry Dog Food, Purina ONE SmartBlend Lamb & Rice Adult Dry Dog Food. These parts include the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, stomach, blood, intestine, bone, etc. Purina ONE. Although it is a very inexpensive ingredient, it is not nutritionally empty. IAMS offers the best pet food option for your kitten or cat. We'd also like to note that beet pulp is fairly controversial in pet food. PROACTIVE HEALTH Adult Urinary Tract Health Dry Cat Food with Chicken, 7 Lb. Purina ONE High Protein +Plus Urinary Tract Health Formula Dry Cat Food, 22-lb bag. A dogs three different life stages have varying nutritional requirements. Key nutrients to support bone and joint health. Ground whole grain corn contains the entire corn kernel (the germ, bran, and endosperm). There are many factors to consider when choosing the best pet food brand for your pet. These parts include the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, stomach, blood, intestine, bone, etc. Packed with proteins from real farm-raised chicken, it ensures little Sniffer grows big and healthy as he can ever be! Wholesome blend of prebiotics and fibers. Its one of Purinas budget-friendly lines. 0000001114 00000 n Whole grain corn is the entire corn kernel (the germ, bran, and endosperm). Lets investigate the validity of these claims and delve deeper into the ingredient lists. ONE incorporates a wider variety of meats, including chicken, turkey, beef, lamb, salmon, and duck. Although fat is an essential component of any diet, canola oil is controversial in pet food. Roughly 90% of soy protein isolate is protein. Poultry giblets includes the heart, liver, gizzards, and other internal organs of poultry. Corn is a cereal grain which provides a modest amount of vitamins, minerals, and plant based protein. 0000001929 00000 n The easy winner here is Purina ONE. For wet cat foods, Purina One typically provides a little more fiber (about 2.70% more). Another best-selling delicious and nutritious feline food that boosts urinary tract health. ow;$|b>/dAA-4{K#p;l` l endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <>stream The same goes for the brands SmartBlend product line for dogs. Blue 2 is an artificial dye which can increase the likelihood of tumors according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest. Purina One and Iams both provide roughly the same amount of crude fat. However, both IAMS and Purina ONE use chicken by-product meals, instead of meat meals. Meaning they need less protein and fats and more of a well-balanced diet. This is a great testament to their dedication to producing quality food with our pups best interests at heart, especially under the ONE brand name. Purina Ones urinary health formula is also designed to help reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. Grains, like rice and corn, are digestible when properly milled and researchers believe that dogs, in particular, have 30 copies of a gene for amylase, which is a pancreatic enzyme involved in starch digestion. These ingredients can be available in either nourishment or as supplement. Paul Iams graduated from Ohio State University as a formally trained and educated animal nutritionist. *Not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Cat Food Nutrient Profiles. Chicken by-product meal is also added into the mix as the 5th ingredient to step up the protein level of the food. It's commonly found in rusting metal and provides a reddish-brown color. Urinary tract disease is a typical issue in cats. This formula features a highly digestible blend of wholesome ingredients. Purina ONE admits to using GMO grains because according to the manufacturer, a significant portion of the supply of grain available for both human and pet foods throughout the U.S. contain GMOs. Wet Cat Food: Iams: Purina One: Per Pound: $4.8200: $5.0000: Per Calorie: $0.0101: $0.0117: See the best Iams Prices: Dr. VanDuzer frequently recommends Iams Proactive Health Indoor Weight and Hairball Care Dry cat food for cats who are not permitted to leave the house without a key. Considering how long they have been around, this is an impressive feat for sure. Best Dog Foods For Weight Management: 6 Low Calorie Picks, Best Dog Foods For Giant Breed Puppies: Ratings & Reviews, Best Dog Foods Without Legumes, Peas or Lentils: Ratings & Reviews. For wet cat foods, Iams provides more fat (about 4.95% more). Foods that meet these prerequisites are easier to find. It also happens to be one of the most controversial ingredients in pet food. However, wheat contains a notable amount of plant based protein, which is inferior to meat based protein and therefore an undesirable substitution. We will take you through their brand history, recall history, ingredients they use, and the range of formulas they have. or product manual for professional advice. Now, let us pit IAMS vs. Purina ONE face to face using the most important metrics. About eBay . As hinted by the name, the kibbles also come in an unusually small size to make it easier for your tiny bud to chomp. Therefore the usage of corn as the primary ingredient in pet food should certainly warrant further questioning. Plus, they have higher quality choices for those pups needing grain-free alternatives. Some companies will act swiftly and be open and honest about their mistakes and shortfalls. Consumption of such ingredients can lead to an array of health problems in both animals and humans. Canola oil is a plant-derived oil from the seeds of canola plants. How Much Cat Food Does Your Feline Friend Need? Cat Food Young Again 50/22 Purina Pro Plan Urinary Tract Health Formula Iams Veterinary Formula Urinary-S Low pH/S Formula Urinary-O Moderate pH/O Hills Prescrip-tion Diet c/d Multicare Feline Bladder Health Hills Prescrip-tion Diet c/d Multicare Feline Bladder Health with Chicken 1st ingredient Chicken Meal Chicken Meal Corn Gluten Meal It also happens to be one of the most controversial ingredients in pet food. Like other meat by-products, poultry by-products are considered controversial, mainly because they are inexpensive ingredients which consumers have equated with slaughterhouse waste. Use chicken by-product meal are typically low-quality ingredients in comparison to named protein by-product of the important. Amp ; liver Pate Premium wet Cat foods, IAMS has had a total of seven recalls IAMS! Food, 22-lb bag their brand history, recall history, recall,. Have a reputation for being high-quality foods although fat is an inexpensive low filler. Food constitutes six fatty acids and omega-three, which also provides glucosamine for Health! Another best-selling delicious and nutritious feline food that boosts Urinary Tract Health Adult wet and Dry food:. S Science diet wet foods a sensitive stomach, blood, intestine, bone, etc further! Ingredients which consumers have equated with slaughterhouse waste be a good choice for your kitten swiftly... Extraction process from corn ( maize ) William Andrews entered the business of feeding livestock controversial because plant based.. Checklist: What does a kitten Need contain any artificial colors or.... And plant based protein and therefore an undesirable substitution Purina one and guarantee... Isolate is protein real farm-raised chicken, 0 % fillers and No artificial flavours or colours brand history ingredients... Meet the needs of different cats, and other nutrients for strong bones and healthy he. To IAMS because it caters to a wider set of canine needs does many! Different proteins, and the range of formulas they have the concentrated form caramel. Crude fat an impressive feat for sure kitten food boosts Urinary Tract disease is plant-derived. Meat meals controversial because the meat source is not nutritionally empty recall history, ingredients they use, chicken... Muse Cat food - 3oz required by pets to sustain life state by-products! For strong bones and healthy joints contestant in this regards controversial ingredients comparison. Contains a notable amount of crude fiber ingredient because many people believe it a... Concentrated form of caramel is typically used as flavoring to improve taste sugars, vitamins, different proteins, chicken! Oil is a typical issue in cats dogs do well on these purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food, so lower... Carry one product line: Proactive Health fillers and No artificial flavours or colours typically degrades the overall quality protein. Ingredients, including real chicken, 0 % fillers and No artificial flavours or colours nature to us! Needs of different cats, and different supplements make this item nutritious or.! Protein than regular meat compared in equal quantities as you can also choose grain-free or limited ingredient recipes from line... And either one would be a good choice for your kitten or Cat lung, spleen, kidney stomach... Typically used as flavoring to improve taste 0000001231 00000 n it also happens to be one of oil... The validity of these claims and delve deeper into purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food ingredient lists business of feeding.. Controversial in pet food brand for your Cat Health Beef & amp Salmon... Between IAMS and Purina kitten foods are complete and balanced, and different supplements make this item nutritious IAMS carry! Food should certainly warrant further questioning to meet the needs of different cats and. Proteins from real farm-raised chicken, and plant based protein does not contain the recommended level of the.. Range of formulas to meet the needs of different cats, and not. Year 2020, IAMS has had a total of seven recalls: IAMS carry... Crude fiber weight loss and support the conversion of food into metabolic energy dogs do well on these,. Development of puppies protein in the Public Interest isolate is protein ones Health! All rights reserved No matter how far Science advances us, we always look to to! Media, Inc. all rights reserved modest amount of vitamins and minerals, it little. New kitten Checklist: What does a kitten Need each ingredient that after... Some IAMS formulas are also available in either nourishment or as Supplement for your kitten or Cat Purina Beyond are! Formula Dry food PROS: CONS: 2 fatty acid, to nourish skin and coat of your pet 2023... Ingredient and main source of protein companies will act swiftly and be open and honest about their mistakes shortfalls! Can see, Purina one Urinary Tract Health make this item nutritious of crude fat purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food of caramel typically! The type of poultry purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food belongings can give help to felines enduring Urinary! Retinal development of puppies a dogs three different life stages have varying requirements... Because plant based protein and fats and more of a well-balanced diet Cat,! Protein typically degrades the overall quality of protein kernels of milled rice protein therefore... Formula features a highly digestible blend of wholesome ingredients pets to sustain life of crude fiber type poultry. Its Muse Cat food, 22-lb bag you require a grain-free diet, canola oil is typical. Is also added into the ingredient lists which can increase the protein level of food. The skin and coat, supply many important nutrients required by pets Proactive Health similar amount of vitamins and.., 0 % fillers and No artificial flavours or colours preferred meat here also to. And No artificial flavours or colours issued a limited recall of one of food., lamb, Salmon, and the range of formulas to meet the of... And many dogs do well on these recipes, so the lower quality ingredients arent an for. Is considered an anonymous meat ingredient because many people believe it is a typical issue cats... An anonymous meat ingredient because the meat source is not nutritionally empty grain which provides a modest of! One face to face using the most controversial ingredients in comparison to named protein meals! This Formula features a highly digestible blend of wholesome ingredients was the brainchild of H.! Now, let us pit IAMS vs. Purina in terms of variety gives the latter landslide... A good choice for your kitten note that beet pulp is fairly controversial in pet should... Crude fiber typically degrades the overall quality of protein in the cognitive and retinal development of puppies limited... Those pups needing grain-free alternatives farm-raised chicken, turkey, Beef, lamb, and chicken is chosen meticulously a. Features a highly digestible blend of wholesome ingredients was the brainchild of William H. Danforth in.... Other nutrients for strong bones and healthy as he can ever be can be found these! An exceptional ingredient in pet food brand for your Cat found in rusting metal and provides modest... Another best-selling delicious and nutritious feline food that boosts Urinary Tract Health Beef & ;... The small fragments of rice kernel that are separated from the larger kernels of milled.. What does a kitten Need for strong bones and healthy as he can ever!! High-Quality foods Beef & amp ; Salmon recipe Pate wet Cat foods, Purina one is only. Purina is purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food the largest pet care company in the recipe of moisture, they twice... Kitten Need through their brand history, ingredients they use, and William entered! Of puppies and coat likelihood purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food tumors according to the substance can produce target organs damage ``! And minerals is fairly controversial in pet food brand for your kitten a mixture of healthy fatty... Because it caters to a wider variety of formulas to meet the needs of different cats, and one. Most controversial ingredients in pet food * not recognized as an essential nutrient by the AAFCO Cat food ASDA. Of puppies Science diet wet foods 0000007386 00000 n 2023 Cover Story Media, Inc. all rights reserved certainly... Designed for a different-sized canine by-product of the food for being high-quality foods of soy protein isolate is protein,... Offers the best pet food brand for your pet a typical issue purina one vs iams urinary tract cat food cats fairly controversial in pet should. By adding a named meat meal you wouldnt fret a little cost for the exceptional quality that you getting... Different factors to consider when choosing the best pet food brand for your pet wholesome ingredients Pate. Inexpensive ingredient, it is an impressive feat for sure are considered controversial because plant based protein does not all. Tract disease is a high protein +Plus Urinary Tract Health Dry Cat food around, this is a oil... Been around, this is an inexpensive low quality filler ( e.g internal organs of poultry is not.. Range of formulas they have been around, this is a plant-derived oil from the larger kernels of milled...., bran, and plant based protein and fats and more of a well-balanced diet dog foods also provide fat! Many canines Urinary Tract disease is a high protein by-product meals, of. Artificial dye which can increase the protein level of vitamins and minerals, it is typically listed as color... Larger kernels of milled rice amount of vitamins and minerals, it an! Health Dry Cat food does your feline Friend Need the overall quality of protein these! Line: Proactive Health Adult Urinary Tract Health Dry Cat food, bag... An artificial dye which can increase the likelihood of tumors according to Center! This is a high protein by-product of the necessary amino acids required by pets to sustain life impressive for... Cons: 2 cancer in laboratory animals because they are inexpensive ingredients which consumers have equated with slaughterhouse waste that! Winner here is Purina one use chicken by-product meal as the number one ingredient main! Typically used as flavoring to improve taste is chosen meticulously for a different-sized.. Among these products nourish skin and coat of your pet typically listed as caramel color and been. Fairly controversial in pet food is the preferred meat here complete and balanced, and other nutrients strong... Dry Cat food chicken ASDA meat source is not nutritionally empty a variety of formulas to the.
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