Jacob's 12 sons (order of birth) Leah Rachel Zilpah Leah's maid Bilhah Rachel's maid 1. THE TRIBE-GATE ORDER OF EZEKIEL 48 AND THE TRIBE ORDER OF THE 144,000 (REV. Judah is now heir apparent until Genesis 37:3 where it seems that Jacob may be making Joseph (he was the firstborn of the favored wife . After Isaac sent Jacob away to find a wife, Esau realized his own Canaanite wives were evil in his father's eyes and so he took a daughter of Isaac's half-brother, Ishmael, as another wife. A look at each sons history shows the consequences. To Benjamin, Jacob said that he would be victorious over his enemies, devour them like a wolf and divide the spoil. Jacob Lennon was 15-month-old when he . Earth revolves around the sun for 365 days and contains no "months." The Hebrew calendar combines the two systems, lunar and solar by counting 12 months and calling it a year, lasting approximately 354 days. "[97] Nahum M. Sarna (1978) noted that an inability to date the narratives of the patriarchs does not necessarily invalidate their historicity,[97] a view supported by Bimson, who admitted that "Our knowledge of the centuries around 2000 BC is very small, and our ignorance very great. (Bilhah)my wrestling Jacob showed himself to be shrewd in his dealings with his impatient and passionate . (19:6) Jacob's second mention is in the Quran's second chapter. A thorough study of the sons of Jacob reveals life lessons for all who take heed. It starts with the 12 tribes and ends with the 12 gates with 12 pearls representing the tribes and the 12 kinds of fruit. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. For New Testament believers, this is picture of Christian believers who were once faithful, but later depart from the faith by betraying God and rebelling to Him. Naphtali The uses of enigma in biblical religion (pp. After Joseph was born, Jacob decided to return home to his parents. Judah 12 Joseph* - (a)Manassah*, (b)Ephraim but Jacob reversed the blessing and put Ephraim first. According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac, and news of Rebecca's birth reached Abraham immediately after that event. Each of Jacob's 12 sons has a story that builds the framework of their tribe. Then they buried him in the cave of Machpelah, the property of Abraham when he bought it from the Hittite Ephron. They became the Patriarchs of the 12 Tribes of Israel, with the exception of Joseph and Levi. This then allows the birth of Joseph, when Jacob was 91 years old, to . This spot was then named Abel Mizraim. The same name is recorded earlier still, in c. 1800 BC, in cuneiform inscriptions (spelled ya-ah-qu-ub-el, ya-qu-ub-el). Rachel finally received the blessing of conception (God has taken away my reproachGenesis 30:23) and gave birth to (11) Joseph and (12) Benjamin, whom she bore as she died. 2. x\m6} This was based on the condition Jacob would work another seven years for Rachel also. 4 0 obj [49] It crippled nations. Genesis 25:2934 tells the account of Esau selling his birthright to Jacob. Self-righteous Christians who "kill" God's potential flock spiritually by making them feel like they are not and will never be material for God because of their past. All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them. [39], The house of Jacob dwelt in Hebron,[40] in the land of Canaan. Jacob also had one daughter, Dinah, whose descendants were not recognized as a separate tribe. [104], According to researches on the historicity of the Old Testament, the descent of Abraham into Egypt as recorded in Genesis 12:1020 should correspond to the early years of the 2nd millennium BCE, which is before the time the Hyksos ruled in Egypt, but would coincide with the Semitic parties known to have visited the Egyptians circa 1900 BCE, as documented in the painting of a West-Asiatic procession of the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hasan. Like most families the stories contain the raw stuffand sinof human life. Numbers 1: The census taken a month after the Exodus from . Jacob, having been celibate until the age of 84, fathered twelve children in the next seven years. Because of this, "to this day the people of Israel do not eat the sinew of the thigh that is on the hip socket"[29] This incident is the source of the mitzvah of porging.[30]. Judah had shown repentance of his sins multiple times. All rights reserved. God had promised to him: "If none of your sons dies during your lifetime, you may look upon it as a token that you will not be put in (Hell of) Gehenna after your death. Finally, Joseph's father was brought out to meet the Pharaoh. There, a mysterious being appeared ("man," Genesis 32:24, 28; or "God," Genesis 32:28, 30, Hosea 12:3, 5; or "angel," Hosea 12:4), and the two wrestled until daybreak. Also, Judah risked his life on behalf of his youngest brother Benjamin. Religion. Jacob then made a further move while Rachel was pregnant; near Bethlehem, Rachel went into labor and died as she gave birth to her second son, Benjamin (Jacob's twelfth son). Later, the sons were reunited in Egypt and the remaining sons and their families moved there with their father. The biblical account of the life of Jacob is found in the Book of Genesis, chapters 2550. If you would like to know why the Righteous and the Innocent suffer and solve the mystery, check out our article on this topic in our Bible Articles section and read about our exciting findings. Jacob was an imperfect man just like us living today. The archers bitterly attacked him, shot at him, and harassed him severely, yet his bow remained unmoved; his arms were made agile by thehandsoftheMightyOneofJacob (fromthereistheShepherd, the Stone ofIsrael), bytheGodofyourfather who will helpyou, bytheAlmightywhowillblessyou with blessings of heaven above, blessingsofthedeepthat crouches beneath, blessings of the beasts and of the womb. In the Bible, Israel and Judah may refer to either the literal biological descendants of Abraham or the spiritual descendants of Abraham (the New Testament Gentile Church). 1 0 obj God also assured that he would be with him, he would prosper, and he would also see his son Joseph who would lay him to rest. To Zebulun, Jacob said that he would dwell by the shore of the sea and that he would become a haven for ships, but Zebulun never actually did. Jacob and Laban then parted from each other with a pact to preserve the peace between them near Gilead. Israel declared that they would be heirs to the inheritance of the house of Israel, as if they were his own children, just as Reuben and Simeon were. Laban the Aramean was reluctant to release him, as God had blessed his flock on account of Jacob. There is history of cruelty by his brothers and captors andprophecy in this blessing). The 12 Sons/Tribes Because Jacob effectively adopted two of his grandsons by Joseph and, Craig Olson, "How Old was Father Abraham? To Reuben, Jacob said that he would not receive his inheritance as firstborn, because he defiled his father's bed by laying with his father's concubine, Bilhah (Genesis 35:22). Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce, and their wrath, for it is cruel! Bilhah bore (5) Dan and (6) Naphtali. The great love of Jacob's life was Rachel, Laban's younger daughter and his favorite son was Joseph, Rachel's first born son. Seeing this, the half brothers began to hate Joseph. Having made Jacob a ruler over his brothers, Isaac could only promise, "By your sword you shall live, but your brother you shall serve; yet it shall be that when you are aggrieved, you may cast off his yoke from upon your neck" (27:3940). Levi was important because it was from him that the priestly line of the Levites descended. And, of course, the most famous story of Josephs brothers selling him to slave traders, and then telling their dad he died. [105][106] The period of Joseph and Jacob/Israel in Egypt (Genesis 39:50), where they were in favour at the Egyptian court and Joseph held high administrative positions next to the ruler of the land, would correspond to the time the Hyksos ruled in Egypt, during the Fifteenth Dynasty. Rebecca overheard this conversation. Judah's descendants have long been called "Jews." However, Judah is just one of the sons of Israel. In fact, they were not able to occupy the land allotment assigned to them due to their lack of faithfulness to God and migrated North early on. In the morning, Jacob assembled his four wives and 11 sons, placing the maidservants and their children in front, Leah and her children next, and Rachel and Joseph in the rear. No wonder they were amazed when an Egyptian, whom they were sure could not know them, somehow managed to put them in the correct order of birth from oldest to youngest! Jacob cursed their sin in the Old Testament and his curse still stands. According to the Midrash,[38] the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates the double sorrow that Rebecca also died at this time. But when Rachel saw her sister being taken out to the wedding canopy, her heart went out to her for the public shame Leah would suffer if she were exposed. and Jacob answered simply, "I am." 12 sons of Jacob whom he blesses before he dies Genesis 49:1-28. The first is the role he plays in the story of his son Joseph. info), Tiberian:Yaq; Arabic: , romanized:Yaqb; Greek: , romanized:Iakb),[1] later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Simeon and Levi lose their birth order rights in Genesis 34:30 and Reuben loses his in Genesis 35:22. Joseph (Joseph means May he addand sounds like the Hebrew taken away) received the lengthiest blessing from his father (Joseph was his favorite). Although Esau sold Jacob his own birthright, which was his blessing, for "red pottage," Esau still hated Jacob for receiving his blessing that their father Isaac unknowingly had given to him. 8. So, Bashan is often used to depict a place of idolatry and rebellion against God. These children are important in biblical history, as the twelve sons of Jacob became the heads of the twelve tribes. Before they left, Rachel stole the teraphim, considered to be household idols, from Laban's house. He is also the head of the church of the firstborn (Colossians 1:18, Hebrews 12:23). Respectfully, Mark. The prophecy of Jacob about his 12 sons is a prophecy for Old Testament Israel looking forward to the coming of Jesus and for the New Testament Church looking back at the Jesus they did not see, but in whom they believed without seeing. Even though he was heavily hated and persecuted by his brothers, he never gave in, his obedience remained unaffected and he continued to trust God even during the darkest days of his life, when his brothers plotted to murder him and then sold him into slavery. 6. The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite see Jacob's dream as a prophecy of the incarnation of the Logos, whereby Jacob's ladder is understood as a symbol of the Theotokos (Virgin Mary), who, according to Eastern Orthodox theology, united heaven and earth in her womb. For New Testament believers, again this is picture of them being a royal priesthood when they speak the language of God. [101], In The Ascent of Man (1973), Jacob Bronowski pointed out similarities between Jacob and Bakhtyar, who lends his name to Iran's Bakhtiari people. They were directed to disembark at Goshen. Jacob returned to Bethel, where he had another vision of blessing. [55] When the house of Israel consumed all the grain that they brought from Egypt, Israel told his sons to go back and buy more. A: You can find when each of the 12 sons was born in (Gen 29:31-30:24)(Gen 35:16-18). Issachar The account of the birth of Jacob's children is found in Genesis 2930, 35. . The Quran makes it clear that Jacob was blessed by God as a prophet and, therefore, Muslims believe that his father, being a prophet as well, also knew of his son's greatness. For in their anger they killed men, and in their willfulness they hamstrung oxen. The tribe most recognized by modern readers is Judah. Isaiah 2:5-6, Jeremiah 2:4, Amos 9:8, Obadiah 1:17-18, and Luke 1:33 (among other passages) all speak of the house of Jacob,which is a direct reference to the 12 sons of Jacob (the 12 tribes). Jacob had thirteen children, twelve sons and one daughter, by four different women. Jacob also had a daughter named Dinah (Genesis 46:15), who was a sister of the twelve patriarchs, and Asher had a daughter named Serah (Genesis 46:17), so indeed, "All the persons who went with Jacob to Egypt, who came from his body, besides Jacob's sons' wives, were sixty-six persons in all." When their father came out to meet them, his sons told him that Joseph was still alive, that he was the governor over all of Egypt and that he wanted the house of Israel to move to Egypt. God seems to have fond affections for the second born son and several times they are put ahead of the firstborn. Then he decided it was time to go back to the Promised Land. This is why they are considered as part of the twelve sons of Jacob or his God-given name Israel. ***Note: Jacob and Leah also had a daughter named Dinah (Gen 30:21). Jacob fell in love with Laban's younger daughter, Rachel, Laban had him work for seven years, but then tricked him into marrying him to his older daughter, Leah. [4][5] The historical origin of the name is uncertain, although similar names have been recorded. [93] Jacob is also cited in the Hadith as an example of one who was patient and trusting in God in the face of suffering. Abraham came from the city of Ur of the Chaldees and, along with his descendants, settled in the land of Canaan and they became a nation. Trachtenberg theorized that the being refused to identify itself for fear that, if its secret name was known, it would be conjurable by incantations. Other scholars, such as Thomas L. Thompson, view the narratives as late literary compositions (6th and 5th centuries BCE) that have ideological and theological purposes but are unreliable for historical reconstruction of the pre-settlement period of the Israelites. The name Israel given to Jacob following the episode of his wrestling with the angel (Genesis 32:2232) is etymologized as composition of el "god" and the root arah "to rule, contend, have power, prevail over":[8] (KJV: "a prince hast thou power with God"); alternatively, the el can be read as the subject, for a translation of "El rules/contends/struggles".[9]. The Word of God was written for readers of all times, so that anybody reading it can draw wisdom from it, provided they have eyes to see and ears to hear. Suddenly, a 6-year-old child stood in front of the carriage, boldly holding onto the horse's reins and bawling his head off. [82] In that case, since Isaac was 60 when Jacob and Esau were born and they had been married for 20 years, then Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca (Gen. 25:20), making Rebecca three years old at the time of her marriage, and 23 years old at the birth of Jacob and Esau. He vowed to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died. [citation needed] The biblical account of this vision[87] is one of the standard Old Testament readings at Vespers on Great Feasts of the Theotokos. The Levites became the priesthood of the nation of Israel and are not counted among the Patriarchs of the 12 Tribes of Israel. Israel in exile: the history and literature of the sixth century B.C.E. Judah is now heir apparent until Genesis 37:3 where it seems that Jacob may be making Joseph (he was the firstborn of the favored wife) the leader of the family. It produced a fruitful and informative study, which will be a post soon. Rachel's Tomb, just outside Bethlehem, remains a popular site for pilgrimages and prayers to this day. 8. Israel. To Naphtali (Naphtali sounds like the Hebrew wrestling), Jacob decreed, Naphtaliisadoeletloose thatbears beautiful fawns(Naphtalis military skill was marked by deer-like speed and dexterity). A lunar cycle lasts 29-and-a-half days, and continues like this indefinitely. Israel was embalmed for 40 days and a great ceremonial journey to Canaan was prepared by Joseph. In fact, the territory assigned to the tribe of Asher was bordering that of Zebulun and Asher is one of the two tribes of Israel, the other being Dan, associated with seafaring and, by implication, see commerce in the Song of Deborah (Judges 5:17). Joseph is easily the best known of the 12 sons (and was the favorite of Jacob: Gen 37:3-4), being mentioned in 16 chapters in Genesis (between Ch. As a result, his blessing went to Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. Like Sarah, she was barren and later conceived, becoming pregnant with twins. Psalm 22:12 speaks about the "bulls of Bashan" surrounding the future Savior. Asher (motherZilpah) (Genesis 30:12-13) 9) Issachar (motherLeah) (Genesis 30:17-18) 10) Zebulun (motherLeah) (Genesis 30:19-20) 11) Joseph (mother . Simeons and Levis tribes were scattered because of their willful massacre of the men of Shechem. The picture is Leah with Rachel from:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bibleencyclopedia.com/picturesjpeg/Leah_w_Rachel_67-63.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bibleencyclopedia.com/pictures/Genesis_29_Leah_with_Rachel.htm&h=614&w=400&sz=110&tbnid=Vci4cXEClxoKoM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=64&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpictures%2Bof%2BLeah%2Band%2BRachel%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=pictures+of+Leah+and+Rachel&usg=__KbmFiyhA-FIhWlDZFpBEJ8kzp40=&docid=d0RrbP5CPUreIM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qUJyUNnONJKDqgGvwoG4Bw&sqi=2&ved=0CDIQ9QEwBQ&dur=673, Pingback: Leah the Overlooked | Mark's Bible Study, Why was Gad listed out of order ? Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: 23The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: 24 The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: 25 And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: 26 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which [31] While he is still called Jacob in later texts, his name Israel makes some consider him the eponymous ancestor of the Israelites. When Laban planned to deceive Jacob into marrying Leah instead of Rachel, the Midrash recounts that both Jacob and Rachel suspected that Laban would pull such a trick; Laban was known as the "Aramean" (deceiver), and changed Jacob's wages ten times during his employ (Genesis 31:7). Genesis 30:21 Yaqub-Har is recorded as a place name in a list by Thutmose III (15th century BC), and later as the nomen of a Hyksos pharaoh. Each of them was unique, with his own strengths and weaknesses. The above list is only a portion of the 161 times the number 12 is mentioned in 144 verses in the ESV Bible. Professor Pieixoto describes the Sons of Jacob as "top-secret Think Tank". However, he agreed to give Rachel in marriage as well if Jacob would work another seven years. Asher - Happiness. So Jacob had his twelve sons {and 1 daughter } with these four women. 1) Reuben was Jacob's firstborn. When the brothers heard the father begging Jacob to give her to Shechem for a wife, they were very angry, and came up with a plan. In the Genesis narrative, as each son is born, we learn not only their name but also the significance of the name to Rachel or Leah ( Genesis 29:32-35, Genesis 30:1-24, Genesis 35:18 ). i. . Jacob's Twelve Sons -Jacob had twelve sons while living in northern Syria. When Joseph came to visit his father, he brought with him his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. Although the death of Rebecca, Jacob's mother, is not explicitly recorded in the Bible, Deborah, Rebecca's nurse, died and was buried at Bethel, at a place that Jacob calls Allon Bachuth ( ), "Oak of Weepings" (Genesis 35:8). What is up with all these 12s? It was still in their possession, and so they all became afraid. He saw that a resting place was good, and that the land was pleasant, so he bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant at forced labor (Issachars tribe was hard-working, tough, vigorous, and unfaltering, living up to this blessing). Jacob spoke prophecy in blessing Judah). Jacob responded, "Because the LORD your God brought it to me." They are referred to as "the twelve tribes of Israel" in verse 28. For an extended study on the subject of the 12 Tribes of Israel and the Patriarchs and Matriarchs from whom they descended and their significance in Biblical History Click Here. [66], Afterward, Israel died and the family, including the Egyptians, mourned him 70 days. Jacob's 12 sons in order of birth are: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin. 1) Reuben (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:32) 2) Simeon (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:33) 3) Levi (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:34) . He is acknowledged as a patriarch of Islam. Surprised that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly. They and their brothers killed Shechem and all the other men. Division of the Promised Land to the 12 Tribes of Israel. <>>> Hiseyesaredarkerthanwine, andhisteethwhiterthan milk. (Jesus is called the Lion of the Tribe of Judah. The lineage leading to Jesus goes through Judah. Joseph was born at the very end of the seven years during which Jacob's first twelve children were born, so that puts the seven years from 1808 to 1801 BC. He is also the firstborn of/from the dead (Revelation 1:5, Colossians 1:18). Following the example of Sarah, who gave her handmaid to Abraham after years of infertility, Rachel gave her handmaid Bilhah to Jacob so that Rachel could raise children through her. He seemed to be the chosen among the hand maids children. To Asher, Jacob said that his family would prosper. For New Testament believers, this is picture of the Church defeating its enemies and the humble inheriting the earth. This characteristic of his made him eligible to become the forefather of the future Messiah. Issachar - Reward. Jacob, son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham, who was renamed <> For New Testament believers, this is picture of all those who were bought by the blood of the Lamb and redeemed to be firstborn, but defiled their Heavenly Father by their spiritual harlotry. Jacob then demanded a blessing, and the being declared in Genesis 32:28 that, from then on, Jacob would be called , Israel (Yisra'el, meaning "one that struggled with the divine angel" (Josephus), "one who has prevailed with God" (Rashi), "a man seeing God" (Whiston), "he will rule as God" (Strong), or "a prince with God" (Morris), from Hebrew: , "prevail," "have power as a prince"). What does the Bible say about Preparing for Apocalyptic Disaster? When Jacob (Israel) was about to die, he called his 12 sons to his side to tell them what would happen in days to come (Genesis 49:1). Muslims believe that he preached the same monotheistic faith as his forefathers Ibrhm, Isq and Ism'l. 847 followers. When the sons of Israel opened their sacks, they saw their money that they used to pay for the grain. To Simeon (Simeon sounds like the Hebrew word, heard) and Levi (Levi sounds like the Hebrew word, attached), Jacob said, SimeonandLeviarebrothers; weapons of violence are their swords. 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