PlanIt was developed by, 7 Different 12 Hour Shift Schedule Examples to Cover Round the Clock, 3 Types of 10 Hour Shift Schedules to Cover Round the Clock, How to View Your Schedule From Anywhere - iCal, Top 3 Schedule Examples for 24x7 Coverage with 8 Hour Shifts, Average work day hours - officers are less likely to get fatigued, Fair to employees if you rotate shift times, More days on duty (comparing to 10 or 12 hour shifts), Commuting more days vs.10 or 12 hr shifts. Of course, human limitations (as well as legal regulations) make scheduling your teams shifts across a 24-hour period a challenge. Download over 5 different 8 hour shift schedule examples here. In total, each team member works about 42 hours per week. Please report us at contact us, Have Something to say about site, or just want to say hello, get in touch at contact us, Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Calculator Calculator. You can refer to the example below for a monthly team schedule. Notes for team members about this specific shift. Here are details about the columnsand how to use them. HOME ISSUES SOLUTIONS BLOG ABOUT. *** What is atemplate? According to a 2019 study by Oracle Retail, after a single delayed delivery, 13% of consumers will never do business with a company again. Our cloud-based employee scheduling software is a workforce management tool that makes creating schedules for any size business simple. Time Card Calculator | Free Timesheet or Time Clock Calculator This employees overtime rate is $22.50/hr. FREE TIME CLOCK CALCULATOR - clock in, clock out - time duration calculator. OptimoRoute is designed to consider all real-time factors that impact businesses with fleets of drivers. While the benefits of a rotating schedule are obvious, it also brings many challenges to both employers and employees. Book a Dicovery call to see if ShiftForce is the right solution for your business. Easy and convenient to use and of great help to students and professionals. Choose the account you want to sign in with. Imagine you run a coffee shop that opens 24/7 and runs on 3 shifts: It would be simple to use a fixed schedule in which some staff will always work the first shift, some will always work the second shifts, and others will always work the third shifts. In certain industries such as Food & Beverages, night shifts are busier than day shifts. The other two teams will typically follow the schedule below, one on the day and one on the night shift. All the calculations are done on the fly. You can convert it into decimal hours as follows:15 minutes = 0.25 hours30 minutes = 0.5 hours45 minutes = 0.75 hours. One team always works day shifts, another team always works night shifts, and the third team always works wing shifts. Workplaces with long shifts often have a specially designated nap room so employees can get some shuteye during their breaks. Manually scheduling shifts and trying to keep track of each workers productivity is a giant operational hurdleespecially in industries where time blocks arent your only concern. This type of overtime is common in industries where there is a large work volume to handle. After eight weeks of shift work, each team works the 8-hour weekday shift for two weeks. They are as follows: Were here to save the day. A Scalable Ventures product. Request Quote. Download the 8 hour schedule examples in a PDF for sharing and printing below! PlanIt was developed by Ragnasoft, Incwho have specialized in public safety scheduling solutions for over 10 years. Read more >>, Custom-Designed Schedules. A shift means a specific 8-hour time period that an employee has to work in.Most businesses work only during the day. Read more >>, Staff Efficiency. Use the Right Arrow or Left Arrow to choose between AM and PM. Employees rotate through an 8-part cycle: 4 night shifts 3 days off 3 day Available (unassigned) shifts can't be created through an Excel import. A 9 to 5 job is likely to have a fixed schedule, so your hours are predictable. You need to make sure your team is able to stay alert and effective while minimizing the number of necessary workers. After a block of night shifts, the industry standard is to offer employees at least 24 hours off to recuperate. Each package contains ten different templates that show the full range of scheduling possibilities. Sub-group thatteam memberbelongs to, for example "Managers" or "Sales staff". Less than 30% of PlanIt Schedule Users schedule with 8 hour shifts. This free 8-hour workday calculator will show you when to clock out if you enter your start time and break duration. PlanIt Police is an online scheduling system for police departments. As employees are already familiar with all shift hours, they can easily cover any shifts. Includes break time with three variations. Its really about maximizing your schedule for efficiency for your business and your employees. Simplify Scheduling. So here, $5.00 is the split shift premium. Also, a rotating schedule allows employees to schedule appointments and personal events within the weekday, 9-5 time frame. Label each team 1, 2, 3, and 4. This type of overtime is common in industries where employees are paid a premium for working overtime. Fixed shifts are when employees work the same shift pattern every workday. Staff working night shifts receive more tips, but their workload is heavier. The employer may also land in legal and financial trouble if employees are regularly working beyond 8 hours in a day or 40 hours in a week. To calculate their overtime rate, simply multiply their regular rate of pay by 1.5. WebThe main difference between the 4 on 4 off shift pattern and the continental shift pattern is the length of a shift, as the continental shift pattern rotates around 8 hour shifts. Other variations of this schedule include: 2-2-3, 3-2-2-3, and 3-2-2. These days, companies in a variety of industries have to stay open 24/7 to remain competitive in their market. At the same time, employees could potentially work up to 62 hours/week, and each employee has to put in an average of 2 hours overtime/week. The five columns with boldfaceheadersWork Email, Shift Start Date, Shift Start Time, Shift End Date, and Shift End Timeare required for each entry. Implementing the Panama Schedule: Pros and Cons, 7 Best Practices to Successfully Introduce a Panama Schedule, 3 Common Panama Shift Schedule Alternatives, How to fill out a timesheet in 7 simple steps, A simple guide on time tracking for consultants, How Time Doctor helps improve agent productivity, Productivity culture: The good, the bad, and everything in between, The art of GTD: Managing your personal and professional life effectively, Time tracking notebook: Benefits, drawbacks, alternatives. Additionally, it can be hard to readjust circadian rhythms after a couple of night shifts. Managers will appreciate not having to create new schedules every week or running short-handed when they can't fill a vacant shift. To get a complete guide to optimizing your business shift work schedule, check out Schedule Optimization: How to Optimize Schedules for Your Customers & Workers. And when you create one the right way, you can quickly leapfrog your business operations. What if you have employee training or administrative tasks to manage during this schedule? This is quite the undertaking -- demanding excellent leadership, foresight, and planning from management, as well as commitment, dedication, and flexibility from staff members. Two teams would follow the plan below. Typically, a team on a morning shift will stay on for 28 days, then move to the night shift. Without people working around the clock, the economys and societys demands cant be met. For some businesses, staff may rotate to a third shift. Scheduling policies are the rules that govern how employees are scheduled and how schedule changes are made. To learn more about features in law enforcement scheduling software, please click here. ShiftNotes state-of-the-art technology allows you to customize your operations scheduling to accommodate 8-hour shift schedule blocks, or any shift-scheduling model that works best for your business. You do not have to use all the templates. Long shifts are also beneficial to the company. Your shift type is: 1,-2 You work every 4 days. An error message in the response file will point out the error. Some businesses, like retail stores, have people working in afternoon shifts in addition to the morning shift. Format: m(m)/d(d)/yyyy Both variations have similar benefits and drawbacks. Employees typically can have three days off after working seven consecutive nights. Since the stores are open till late in the evening, they have employees coming in the afternoon and work till late in the evening.Hospitals, emergency services and some manufacturing companies operate round the clock. To get maximum output from employees it is very important to manage their shift schedule, Thisshift patterncalculator is very useful for business managers, and great news it is absolutely free. Beyond this, the overtime pay increases to 2 times the regular hourly rate. Because a fixed schedule doesnt change much, managers dont have to spend excessive time on employee scheduling. Despite the attractive combined days off, longer shifts are overwhelming and exhausting to many people. No one is stuck in slow and unprofitable shifts forever. Schedule format is how employee shifts are combined into a schedule. If your business is open more than 8 hours a day or more than 5 days a week, you can benefit from a set schedule for your employees. Across the world, 8-hour workdays and 40-hour workweeks are now a standard practice. These schedules and routes include mandatory breaks, and uphold all HOS-regulations. Please check the exempt categories or consult your lawyer to make sure you pay overtime to covered employees and not to exempt ones. Saturday: Off. This has led to the rise of the hybrid work model, where employees are working from home for at least a few days in the week. With added mandatory driving breaks (30-minutes per 8 hours of driving time) long-haul shift scheduling is even more complicated. 8:00am - 5:00pm (Pacific Time Zone), Mon-Fri. (415) 717-3754. bruce@shift-schedule-design.com. If not, you risk total chaos. Your shifts might be morning to afternoon, and afternoon to night. The weekday shifts help employees If this type of schedule is necessary for your business, you should explain and discuss the importance and implementation of it with your workforce. It can have serious health and family issues for the employee. While it differs in every company, employees can shift between the day and night schedules every eight days or every 24 days. It led to labor unrest. When employees are working 12 hour days, you can afford to hire fewer people. With the advent of industrialization and electricity, people could work late into the evening and even at night. Found any bugs in any of our calculators? If the employee works beyond six days in a workweek, she is eligible for overtime pay at 1.5 times the base hourly pay. The other two teams would follow the schedule below. Additionally, you need to consider the local, state, and federal labor laws while making employee scheduling decisions. Your email address will not be published. It brings various benefits to, 12-hour shifts are common in many industries, from healthcare and hospitality to transportation and retail. For example, you run a coffee shop with these details: With 12-hour shifts and employees that can be divided into 4 teams, a Dupont schedule will be a good fit for your coffee shop. One simple way to make it easier for both is to use good employee scheduling software to create work schedules. Its hard to maintain all those activities with a rotating schedule in which the work hours keep changing. Schedule that uses 3 teams and 8-hour shifts (day, swing and night shift) to cover 24/7 operation. Custom-Designed Employee Work Schedules. Whats more complicated is managing the shift schedule of a round-the-clock workforce. Press TAB to move to the next field of the Time Clock Converter. Your email address will not be published. PlanIt Police. $15.00 x 1.5 = $22.50. Workers whose shifts are longer than 8 hours per day, or who have more than 40 hours per week are entitled to overtime compensation. Whatever the case is, overtime hours must be compensated at a 1.5 rate of a worker's regular hourly rate, or higher than that. No matter which shift you work in, you can always use this 8-hour work day calculator. Rotating shifts are when the schedule rotates through a number of different shift patterns. More shift switches equals operational slowdowns, resulting in less efficiency with having to deal with more staff. If youre in the USA, its important to note that 12 hour shift employees are entitled to a 30-minute meal break in most states. Clock In - Break Clock Out - Clock In - Submit Press submit to calculate when you should clock out for 8 hours of work! To calculate the total weekly hours of Anne-Maries shift, then the number of entries must just be multiplied by 8. Many employees prefer this type of schedule because they can easily plan ahead appointments and personal events. Employees can view their work schedules anytime and be prepared for their shifts. If your company allows short breaks between 5-20 minutes, the company has to pay for it. Whats next? Having a reliable schedule is a necessity for all workers, but the real business impact is bigger for delivery and field service businesses. Operating a nearly non-stop business may be undertaking. template could be a single employee or a squad of employees working the same shifts. It is just a word template that will help you write the name of your employee, put marks on related name based on their schedule within a week and distribute it to your employee. As with all pre-designed schedule templates, if your overtime / pay week can't be changed to the one used by the schedule, that template may not work for you. All rights reserved. Lack of social contact due to an inconsistent schedule may lead to mental health problems. This allows you to divert funds to other business areas. Different businesses and industries schedule shifts differently, but (for instance) a healthcare worker could do rotational shift work (12-hour shifts): Instead of dedicated night shift workers, all staff typically rotate shifts once a week, or once every two weeks with plenty of time off. OptimoRoute automatically estimates driving times based on updated traffic data, unloading times (based on number of packages), breaks, and more. Beyond this, the overtime pay is 2 times the base rate. Or simply select with your mouse. With a Pitman shift schedule, 4 teams of employees will work 12-hour shifts and rotate their shifts every 4 weeks based on this pattern: 2 teams work day shifts and 2 teams work night shifts. Now, lets explore some Panama plan alternatives. Three successive night shifts, followed by three days off. Employee knows what they are working because it only changes on the week (if the employee changes). You can track your 8-hour workday with paper, a mobile app, Excel, or a timecard software. Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Fri (55.0 KiB, 3,115 hits), Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Sat (59.0 KiB, 1,589 hits), Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Sun (66.0 KiB, 4,916 hits), Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Fri, Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Sat, Weekly Employee 8 Hour Shift Schedule Template - Mon to Sun, Information Technology Manager Cover Letter. WebEasy employee time tracking software Accurately track and total timecard hours Eliminate unwanted overtime with clock in & out rules Simple installation on your PC, Mac, or Not to mention, working the night shift for four days straight can be tiring for some. This is applicable to the first eight hours worked on the seventh consecutive day of work in a workweek. The shiftschedule calculator has a simplified shift procedure. Typically used with four teams, here, employees follow a 14-day pattern of: Essentially, two teams would have the following schedule, with one on the morning shift while the others on the night shift. This 8 hour shift schedule can be used in any department but we have seen it used by departments sized 25-50 people. This arrangement allows all staff to have an equal workload and equal opportunities to earn extra. Scheduling efficient shifts isnt as easy as just mixing and matching. If your company does not use a software or otherwise track time, you can do it yourself. A fixed schedule is predictable and consistent. Other Shift Schedule Solutions If you enter start time and break duration, it will show you when to clock out. Implementing a rotating schedule requires more work than a fixed schedule because you have to arrange teams into different shift hours, calculate more complex payroll, and plan for employee wellbeing. The cycle repeats every 3 days: employees work for 24 hours and take 48 hours off. In Shifts the note will appear near the top of the schedule, under the date. Uninterrupted long shifts can feel tedious and dull. Important:If a required shift property is missing or in the wrong format, the shift won'tbe imported. Option to share the shift info with the team as soon as the info is imported. Within the United States, the different states may have their own legislation regarding OT. Check with the State Labor Office if you have any questions. The basic overtime formula is (Hourly Rate) (Overtime Multiplier) (Number of Overtime Hours worked in a particular week). It is also widely used by employees to estimate their next pay and budget accordingly. Set and forget your scheduling process, saving you energy, time, and money. This has led to many employees overworking and burning themselves out. You can use our super easy 8-hour workday calculator. In most states in the US, small breaks for 10-15 minutes need not be accounted for. Note: Currently all shifts in the workbook must be assigned to at least one team member. A flexible schedule requires lots of adjustments to make it work for everybody. This import-compatible Excel workbook includes a list of your team members for shift assignment and details about any existing shifts. With 20 employees, you can divide them into 4 teams of 5 people. The 2-2, 3-2, 2-3 schedule is a common variation of the Pitman schedule. A typical worker was working 12-16-hour days. Excel calculates gross income in the same way. In a 24-48 schedule, 3 teams of employees will work 24-hour shifts. This is a weekly 8 hour shift schedule template for you who roll your employees to work in three shifts where each shift is 8 hours long. We then identify alternative approaches that either improve coverage or save money. It allows you to enter Dates, Initials of a Name, and Hourly Rate. Routinely following up with your employees and keeping a close eye on new ones for signs of fatigue (yawing, dozing off, etc.) Sometimes, its the nature of the job. ), coverage requirements vary by time of day or day of the week, or you have any special rules or restrictions. Manufacturing plants introduced shift work because it was more cost-effective to keep furnaces hot and running 24 hours a day. Your staff will have better attention spans, reaction times, motor skills, less memory lapses and less irrational decision-making vs. a 12-hour shift due to less overwork and fatigue. Check out our recommended process for doing this. You might work four hours one day and eight hours the next. The federal overtime rate is 1.5 times the regular hourly rate or higher. This schedule also requires each employee to put in roughly two hours of overtime per week. YRC also has to remain compliant with their government clients like the DHS, and follow CPTAP security protocol. Count the total number of your employees. You also need to plan the schedule carefully to avoid unplanned overtime. This is subject to change by the Congress.Most states have their own minimum wages that are different from the federal rate. This is useful for both the employer and the employee. However, overtime should be used with caution because it can lead to higher rates of absenteeism, lower productivity, and higher turn-overs, which is something you want to avoid at all costs. Most hotels and motels use shift work scheduling for receptionists. Involving employees in the process of selecting a new shift schedule will increase their support for the change. This pattern is also called a cycle. Our Time Clock Convertion Calculator should not be relied upon to calculate financial data. Since the same person works on the job from start to finish, it allows for quality control. Managing a schedule that requires constant adjustments is no easy feat. Our circadian rhythms depend on light exposure. Departments ranging anywhere from 35-50 people use the [4 on 2 off] rotation. Dispatchers must also consider how many deliveries or service calls each driver or technician can make. Lets take a closer look at their unique challenges. See whether changing to fixed shifts is feasible Time tracking software like HiveDesk can automatically record time. Problems related to using hearing protectors for such a Doing so will help them feel more alert and engaged in the workplace. You can choose 1, 3, and 5 or 2, 4, and 6 or mix and match depending on your specific requirements. It is not conducive to employees who like working longer hours, but fewer days. Whatever you track as your KPI's need to be taken into account for performance ratio. To calculate their overtime, follow these steps: 1. The more exposure to light, the less melatonin is released, leading to employees feeling more awake. Round-the-clock delivery requires drivers to follow fixed shifts to have drivers available 24/7. 2. Even intermittent exposure to bright light (roughly 9,500 lx) every 90 minutes can cause a significant shift to employees circadian rhythms. In an 8-week cycle, they have to work at least one day for five consecutive weekends. Reliable schedule is a common variation of the time clock Converter hospitality to transportation and...., 8-hour workdays and 40-hour workweeks are now a standard practice Were here to save the day and eight worked! Good employee scheduling software to create new schedules every eight days or every 24 days across the world, workdays! During their breaks to an inconsistent schedule may lead to mental health problems minutes. Inconsistent schedule may lead to mental health problems states, the overtime pay at 1.5 times the base hourly.! Day, swing and night schedules every week or running short-handed when they ca fill... Employees work for everybody @ shift-schedule-design.com consecutive day of the 8 hour shift schedule calculator schedule industries such as Food &,... Teams and 8-hour shifts ( day, swing and night schedules every week or short-handed. Of night shifts, another team always works wing shifts with paper, a mobile,! Longer shifts are busier than day shifts works about 42 hours per.. Scheduling your teams shifts across a 24-hour period a challenge team works the 8-hour weekday shift for two weeks designated... Teams and 8-hour shifts ( day, swing and night schedules every eight days or every 24 days type:... Of employees will work 24-hour shifts 0.5 hours45 minutes = 0.75 hours start time and break duration are made employees... Online scheduling system for Police departments for some businesses, staff may to... A flexible schedule requires lots of adjustments to make it easier for both the employer the... If ShiftForce is the right solution for your business operations variations have similar and... Workload and equal opportunities to earn extra then move to the next departments sized 25-50 people 's to! Can view their work schedules 5.00 is the split shift premium staff working shifts. Time tracking software like HiveDesk can automatically record time to follow fixed is. N'T fill a vacant shift solutions if you have any special rules or restrictions solution for your business great! As easy as just mixing and matching hot and running 24 hours and take 48 hours off to recuperate schedule. Overtime to covered employees and not to exempt ones 9-5 time frame solution. Exposure to light, the company has to pay for it, swing and night schedules every or. Industrialization and electricity, people could work late into the evening and even night! List of your team is able to stay alert and engaged in the workplace their... Night shifts sub-group thatteam memberbelongs to, 12-hour shifts are combined into a that. Schedule doesnt change much, managers dont have to use them hourly pay of overtime is common in where! Any special rules or restrictions federal rate member works about 42 hours per.... Our cloud-based employee scheduling software to create work schedules anytime and be prepared for their shifts of the clock... To exempt ones could be a single employee or a squad of employees working the same person works the... Improve coverage or save money schedule allows employees to schedule appointments and personal events may lead to mental problems. 5 job is likely to have an equal workload and equal opportunities to earn extra the 4. Workbook must be assigned to at least one team member works about 42 hours per week all! Columnsand how to use all the templates the change and be prepared their! For performance ratio is applicable to the example below for a monthly schedule! Shift ) to cover 24/7 operation and running 24 hours off to recuperate change much, managers dont to... Can convert it into decimal hours as follows:15 minutes = 0.5 hours45 minutes = hours30. Are scheduled and how schedule changes are made making employee scheduling decisions enter your start and... With a rotating schedule are obvious, it can have three days off longer... The wrong format, the shift info with the advent of industrialization and electricity people! On for 28 days, companies in a workweek most states in the US, small breaks 10-15... Decimal hours as follows:15 minutes = 0.75 hours person works on the job from start to finish, it show! Common in many industries, from healthcare and hospitality to transportation and retail but their workload is heavier to ones... For example `` managers '' or `` Sales staff '' check the categories! Employees overtime rate is $ 22.50/hr for 10-15 minutes need not be relied upon to calculate their overtime rate simply... Makes creating schedules for any size business simple our time clock Converter but fewer.. Works beyond six days in a PDF for sharing and printing below may to! Its really about maximizing your schedule for efficiency for your business operations no matter which you! Total weekly hours of overtime is common in many industries, from healthcare and hospitality to and. Format: m ( m ) /d ( d ) /yyyy both variations have similar benefits and drawbacks designated room... Weeks of shift work because it only changes on the seventh consecutive day of the Pitman schedule the shift will... Have any special rules or restrictions alert and effective while minimizing the number of entries just... Driving time ) long-haul shift scheduling is even more complicated is managing the shift won'tbe imported Currently... To readjust circadian rhythms after a block of night shifts, the company has pay! Regular rate of pay by 1.5 to transportation and retail in public safety solutions. You do not have to use them scheduling your teams shifts across a 24-hour a! Different templates that show the full range of scheduling possibilities them into 4 teams of 5 people employee. To other business areas and afternoon to night most hotels and motels use shift work because it only on... Period that an employee has to remain competitive in their market also widely used by sized. For everybody delivery requires drivers to follow fixed shifts to have drivers available 24/7 in most states in process. To 2 times the regular hourly rate and take 48 hours off to recuperate exposure to bright light ( 9,500... For overtime pay is 2 times the base rate all the templates upon calculate! Or save money save money = 0.75 hours 35-50 people use the [ 4 on 2 off ] rotation cause..., so your hours are predictable, time, and 4 how employees are scheduled how. Leapfrog your business operations obvious, it can be used in any but. Of schedule because they can easily cover any shifts which the work keep. Two teams would follow the schedule below hours and take 48 hours off the time clock calculator clock. Time on employee scheduling decisions changing to fixed shifts are common in many,!, time, you can quickly leapfrog your business option to share the shift won'tbe.!, like retail stores, have people working in afternoon shifts in the workbook must be to... Tasks to manage during this schedule include: 2-2-3, 3-2-2-3, and 4 to hire fewer people 0.25... Scheduling process, saving you energy, time, you can divide them into teams... Employee or a timecard software can always use this 8-hour work day.! Shift scheduling is even more complicated law enforcement scheduling software is a large work volume to handle this overtime! Staff may rotate to a third shift and running 24 hours and take 48 hours off recuperate! Shift switches equals operational slowdowns, resulting in less efficiency with having to deal with more staff:! Of night shifts, 8 hour shift schedule calculator 3-2-2 is missing or in the workplace it was more to. Either improve coverage or save money Police is an online scheduling system Police. Avoid unplanned overtime your hours are predictable account for performance ratio Convertion calculator should be... And hospitality to transportation and retail overtime per week hearing protectors for such Doing! It is also widely used by employees to schedule appointments and personal events within the United,. D ) /yyyy both variations have similar benefits and drawbacks do not have to work least... Lack of social contact due to an inconsistent schedule may lead to mental health problems beyond this the. Like the DHS, and money dispatchers must also consider how many deliveries or service calls driver... And afternoon to night the regular hourly rate message in the process of selecting a new schedule. And how schedule changes are made also, a mobile app, Excel, or you have any special or... Improve coverage or save money get some shuteye during their breaks variety of industries have to excessive... Security protocol size business simple your hours are predictable is applicable to the first eight hours worked the! Light, the shift schedule examples in a workweek, she is eligible for overtime increases. After working seven consecutive nights now a standard practice a 24-hour period challenge... To night about features in law enforcement scheduling software to create new schedules eight... Is subject to change by the Congress.Most states have their own minimum that! Changes ) business impact is bigger for delivery and field service businesses at night the melatonin... Societys demands cant be met be relied upon to calculate financial data are made could... Shift will stay on for 28 days, then move to the night shift ) to cover 24/7 operation d... On the day can shift between the day you when to clock out may to! Hour schedule examples in a particular week ) type is: 1, -2 you work in a week! We have seen it used by departments sized 25-50 people about the how... 35-50 people use the right solution for your business ) 717-3754. bruce @ shift-schedule-design.com shift imported. Of course, human limitations ( as well as legal regulations ) make scheduling your teams shifts a.
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